/ Gathering Stones aka Biblical Archaeology: April 2007

Tuesday, April 03, 2007

Luke 19:28-29, 37, 41



28 And when he had thus spoken, he went before, ascending up to Jerusalem.

29 And it came to pass, when he was come nigh to Bethphage and Bethany, at the mount called the mount of Olives, he sent two of his disciples,

37 And when he was come nigh, even now at the descent of the mount of Olives,

41 And when he was come near, he beheld the city, and wept over it,


Dominus Flevit is the traditional site of the passage where Jesus wept over the city of Jerusalem... There is a beautiful church that has been built on the traditional location, and when it was being constructed, many tombs were uncovered and many ossuaries from the second temple period were found. There is an informative article here...




Quote:
On the ossuaries were found many more or less symbol signs (crosses, tau, Constantinian monograms) and 43 inscriptions (Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek) incised or traced with charcoal. Of interest is the recurrence of names common in the New Testament, as Mary, Martha, Philo the Cyrene, Matthew, Joseph, Jesus. For the religious, historical and artistic value of these tombs consult Gli scavi del Dominus Flevit by Bagatti and Milik, Jerusalem, 1968.
and the whole article needs to be read at:




Quote:
....The first catacomb found near Bethany was investigated by renowned French archaeologist Charles Clermont-Ganneau. The other, a large burial cemetery unearthed near the modern Dominus Flevit Chapel, was excavated by Italian scholar, P. Bagatti. ... The first century catacomb, uncovered by archaeologist P. Bagatti on the Mount of Olives, contains inscriptions clearly indicating its use, "by the very first Christians in Jerusalem....Both archaeologists found evidence clearly dating the two catacombs to the first century AD, with the later finding coins minted by Governor Varius Gratus at the turn of the millenium (up to 15/16 AD). Evidence in both catacombs indicated their use for burial until the middle part of the first century AD, several years before the New Testament was written.

While these discoveries were of great interest, even more important was another catacomb found nearby and excavated by archaeologist P. Bagatti several years later.




One of the first-century coffins found on the Mt. of Olives contains a commemorative dedication to: "Yeshua" = "Jesus". ....Above the inscription, on the same coffin, the Greek letters Chi and Rho were unmistakeably inscribed together, written as a monogram.


http://www.geocities.com/FaithInEvidence/evidence.html


Quote:
"In 1945, many more found with crosses, 2 inscribed with name of Jesus, and one had a coin minted in A.D. 41 for King Herod Agrippa I, indicating it was sealed by A.D. 42."


"The text reads: "After the name 'Jesus,' the exclamation or dedication read "y'ho," meaning "Jehova" or "the Lord". The full inscription on the ossuary reads, "[To] Jesus, "the Lord," In light of the A.D.42 date for the sealing of this tomb, the presence of this dedication to "Jesus, the Lord" attests to the Christians' acceptance of Jesus Christ as God within ten years of the death and resurrection of Jesus in A.D."


"One of the first-century coffins found on the Mt. of Olives contains a commemorative dedication to: "Yeshua" = "Jesus"


.... It's necessary to remember that ossuary boxes were only used for a limited time and in a limited area. The stonemasons who were building the SecondTemple were also using their talents to make ossuary boxes for funerals.I like the sealed ossuary box from 41-42 AD... that had some appeal to it and it dated the box... that means that within 8-10 years of the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ that there were believers who were alive when Jesus walked this earth... and that they considered the cross to be related to Christ. And the sign of the cross began in the first century, being used within just a few years of the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.

Sunday, April 01, 2007

John 11:49-52 Caiaphas

I think its time to focus a bit on a study of the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ since it is the week of Easter...

John 11:49-52

49 And one of them, named Caiaphas, being the high priest that same year, said unto them, Ye know nothing at all,
50 Nor consider that it is expedient for us, that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation perish not.
51 And this spake he not of himself: but being high priest that year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for that nation;
52 And not for that nation only, but that also he should gather together in one the children of God that were scattered abroad.


http://www.raptureready.com/featured/price/2rp.html

Quote:
Caiaphas - No Bones of Contention One of the prominent figures in the Easter story is the Jewish High Priest Caiaphas. From A.D. 18-36 he served as the leader of the Sandhedrin, the supreme Jewish counsel responsible for legal affairs in Jesus’ day. It was Caiaphas who prophesied that Jesus would die for the Nation and set in motion the plan to kill Him (John 11:49-53; 18:14). And it was Caiaphas who presided over the late night trial at which Jesus confessed Himself to be the Messiah and was subsequently condemned (Matthew 26:57-68). It was also in the courtyard of Caiaphus' house that Peter waited for word about Jesus, but instead betrayed Him three times as the cock crowed (Matthew 26:69-75).

Today, thanks to archaeology, almost 2,000 after his death, Caiaphus has made a reappearance in Jerusalem. His physical remains were discovered accidentally in November of 1990 by construction workers who were beginning construction for a new park in Jerusalem's PeaceForest just south of the TempleMount. As the work crew was digging, the ground suddenly collapsed exposing a first-century burial chamber with 12 limestone ossuaries (burial boxes). One exquisitely ornate ossuary, decorated with incised rosettes, obviously belonged to a wealthy or high-ranking patron who could afford such a box. On this box, however, was also an inscription. It read in two places: Qafa and Yehosef bar Qayafa ("Caiaphas," "Joseph, son of Caiaphas"). The New Testament refers to him only as Caiaphas, but the first-century Jewish historian Flavius Josephus gives his full name as "Joseph who was called Caiaphas of the high priesthood." Inside were the bones of six different people, including those of a 60-year old man. At the time of the discovery Steven Feldman, associate editor of the Biblical Archaeology Review observed: "the find should be particularly exciting to some believing Christians because to them it may bolster the Bible's accuracy …" Indeed it does.





to read the historical record from Josephus:
Antiquities 20.9.1. "And now Caesar, upon hearing the death of Festus, sent Albinus into Judea, as procurator. But the king deprived Joseph of the high priesthood, and bestowed the succession to that dignity on the son of Ananus, who was also himself called Ananus. Now the report goes that this eldest Ananus proved a most fortunate man; for he had five sons who had all performed the office of a high priest to God, and who had himself enjoyed that dignity a long time formerly, which had never happened to any other of our high priests. But this younger Ananus, who, as we have told you already, took the high priesthood, was a bold man in his temper, and very insolent; he was also of the sect of the Sadducees, who are very rigid in judging



What "Jerusalem Perspective" has to say...
http://jerusalemperspective.com/Default.aspx?tabid=27&ArticleID=1462

What the lead archaeologist who excavated the Caiaphas ossuary writes: (Also, there is an article in BAR magazine, Sep/Oct 1992 written by the lead archaeologist)http://www.jerusalemperspective.com/Default.aspx?tabid=27&ArticleID=1628

To view the Caiaphas ossuary and the inscription....

http://www.abu.nb.ca/courses/NewTestament/images/
CaiaphasOss.htm

There is a residence in Jerusalem which is the traditional house of the high priest Caiaphus...

http://www.peterjblackburn.com/israel/caiaphas.htm